Vintage Technique Reduces Poaching in Serengeti National Park

"Expanded budgets and antipoaching patrols since the mid-1980s have significantly reduced poaching and allowed populations of buffalo, elephants and rhinoceros to rebuild,” states the authors of a paper published in today’s issue of Science.

This technique has been used since the 1930s to estimate the abundance of fish. Now, a recent study has proved for the first time that enforcement patrols are effective at reducing poaching of elephants, African buffaloes and black rhinos in the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania.

"Wildlife within protected areas is under increasing threat from the bushmeat and illegal trophy trades," says Ray Hilborn, University of Washington professor of aquatic and fishery sciences and lead author of a paper, "and many argue that enforcement within protected areas is not sufficient to protect wildlife. Some say the $2 million spent annually in the Serengeti on patrols would be better spent on other preventive activities."

However, his research proves otherwise. "The animals are 'telling' us poaching is down now that there are 10 to 20 patrols a day compared to the mid-1980s when there might be 60 or fewer patrols a year." Hilborn says.

Previously, estimates of poaching have been difficult to verify. Therefore, Hilborn and his co-authors used the decades-old technique of catch-per-unit-of-effort, which has been to estimate fish abundance and set fishing limits.

The Serengeti has a 50-year-record of arrests and patrols. To estimate the amount of poaching, the paper’s authors divided the number of poachers arrested by the number of patrols a day, assuming that arrests per patrol were representative of poaching intensity.

"We show that a precipitous decline in enforcement in 1977 resulted in a large increase in poaching and decline of many species," Hilborn and his co-authors wrote.

A press release announcing these findings stated:

The work marks the first time anyone has been able to reconstruct a history of poaching going back as far as 50 years, says Tom Hobbs, professor of ecology at Colorado State University and who is not affiliated with the work being published in Science.

"The Hilborn team has shown that protection of wildlife by active enforcement of laws and regulations remains an essential tool for conserving biological diversity," Hobbs says. "This sounds so simple, but it has been controversial."

The National Science Foundation funded, at least in part, the research.

Joint Marketing for East African Tourism Moving Forward

My very first post to this blog mentioned the this was coming. Now it is a reality.

Apolinari Tairo, from eTN Africa, reports that "Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda have launched a common marketing strategy at big international tourism fairs." This is part of their effort to " to market East Africa as a single package but with different and unique tourist heritages in each member state."

The official start of this new campaign will coincide with the International Tourism Exhibition (ITB) in Berlin to be held in March of next year. There, East African tourist boards will present leaflets and banners featuring the regional tourist attractions and inter-state heritages.

In addition to this marketing campaign, the three countries have "also agreed on a common tourist visa and standardization of hotels and other tourist facilities in the region."

According to Tairo, representatives from the regional tourist boards met at the recently-ended World Travel Market (WTM) in London, and "agreed to harmonize policies and strategies in the tourist sector in the East African Community (EAC) states to involve a broad spectrum of stakeholders."

The managing director of the Tanzania Tourist Board (TTB) Peter Mwenguo told eTN Thursday, that they intend to "chat out plans to work out implementation of the EAC council of ministers directive requiring us to foster regional cooperation in tourism."

Tairo adds, "Wildlife is the leading tourist attraction in East Africa, but each state has its own unique attractions including Mount Kilimanjaro, Ngorongoro Crater and Chimpanzee parks (Tanzania), the Maasai-Mara Game Reserve and the Indian Ocean beaches (Kenya) and gorilla heritage and natural scenery (Uganda)."

Those Who Doubt Global Warming Criticized by UN Secretary-General

"Let no one say we cannot afford to act," Secretary-General Kofi Annan declared today at the second meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, in conjunction with the twelfth session of the Conference of the Parties to the Climate Change Convention, held in Nairobi, Kenya.

Kenya has already suffered the evidence of global warming, as I mentioned in my August 30 post. And yet, there are those who doubt that worldwide climate change is upon us. Alas, I live in one of the countries that have rejected the Kyoto Protocol, which requires 35 industrial nations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 5 percent of 1990 levels by 2012.

The Associate Press reported today that Annan criticized the naysayers and slow actors, saying they are "out of step" and "out of time."

After his speech, he told reporters, "I would want leaders around the world to really show courage and to know that if they do, their people and the voters will be with them." To some degree, I’d have to agree. However, even if Bush changed his mind, I still wouldn’t vote for him. He has caused too much damage already.

Although the chief U.S. delegate responded to Annan’s comments, at a later news conference, that Washington has been a leader with "groundbreaking initiatives" on clean-energy technology, I believe it is too little, too late. The U.S. argues that reducing global-warming gases would set back the economy too much. However, at some point, we need to realize that our pocket books are not more important than the millions of lives, present and future, human and otherwise, that our actions will affect.

Annan contended that climate change "is not science fiction." According to the Associate Press, he referred to a recent British government report that projects the effects of global warming, including rising sea levels, droughts and other climatic disturbances, could cost up to 20 percent of the global gross domestic product each year.

"It is increasingly clear it will cost far less to cut emissions now than to deal with the consequences later," Annan said.

There is hope for the U.S.’s involvement in the future, however. According to Philip Clapp, president of the U.S. group National Environmental Trust, both Democratic and Republican hopefuls for the 2008 presidential election favor putting a cap on U.S. emissions.

For more information on this issue, check out these resources:

United Nations Climate Change Conference - Nairobi 2006
unfccc.int/meetings/cop_12/items/3754.php

Earth Share
www.earthshare.org/index.html

Climate Change information from the Council on Foreign Relations
www.cfr.org/issue/20/climate_change.html

Pew Center on Global Climate Change
www.pewclimate.org

An Inconvenient Truth (on DVD Nov. 21)
www.climatecrisis.net